Ovarian Cysts

I would like to acknowledge to all readers that I took the below article from http://www.mayoclinic.com/ . The below article is merely for your clarity on your curiousity. A friend of a friend of a friend of a friend of a friend and it goes on and on and on and on and on.... may have to let go someone precious depending on the test blood results.. its a difficult decision... he is in a dilemma ...

Definition
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets within or on the surface of an ovary. The ovaries are two organs — each about the size and shape of an almond — located on each side of your uterus. Eggs (ova) develop and mature in the ovaries and are released in monthly cycles during your childbearing years.Many women have ovarian cysts at some time during their lives. Most ovarian cysts present little or no discomfort and are harmless. The majority of ovarian cysts disappear without treatment within a few months.However, ovarian cysts — especially those that have ruptured — sometimes produce serious symptoms. The best way to protect your health is to know the symptoms and types of ovarian cysts that may signal a more significant problem, and to schedule regular pelvic examinations.

Symptoms
You can't depend on symptoms alone to tell you if you have an ovarian cyst. In fact, you'll likely have no symptoms at all. Or if you do, the symptoms may be similar to those of other conditions, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy or ovarian cancer. Even appendicitis and diverticulitis can produce signs and symptoms that mimic a ruptured ovarian cyst.Still, it's important to be watchful of any symptoms or changes in your body and to know which symptoms are serious. If you have an ovarian cyst, you may experience the following signs and symptoms:
- Menstrual irregularities
- Pelvic pain — a constant or intermittent dull ache that may radiate to your lower back and thighs
- Pelvic pain shortly before your period begins or just before it ends - Pelvic pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Pain during bowel movements or pressure on your bowels
- Nausea, vomiting or breast tenderness similar to that experienced during pregnancy
- Fullness or heaviness in your abdomen
- Pressure on your rectum or bladder — difficulty emptying your bladder completely

The signs and symptoms that signal the need for immediate medical attention include:
- Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain
- Pain accompanied by fever or vomiting

Causes
Your ovaries normally grow cyst-like structures called follicles each month. Follicles produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and release an egg when you ovulate.Sometimes a normal monthly follicle just keeps growing. When that happens, it becomes known as a functional cyst. This means it started during the normal function of your menstrual cycle.

There are two types of functional cysts:

Follicular cyst.
Around the midpoint of your menstrual cycle, your brain's pituitary gland releases a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), which signals the follicle holding your egg to release it. When everything goes according to plan, your egg bursts out of its follicle and begins its journey down the fallopian tube in search of fertilization.A follicular cyst begins when the LH surge doesn't occur. The result is a follicle that doesn't rupture or release its egg. Instead it grows and turns into a cyst. Follicular cysts are usually harmless, rarely cause pain and often disappear on their own within two or three menstrual cycles.

Corpus luteum cyst.
When LH does surge and your egg is released, the ruptured follicle begins producing large quantities of estrogen and progesterone in preparation for conception. This changed follicle is now called the corpus luteum. Sometimes, however, the escape opening of the egg seals off and fluid accumulates inside the follicle, causing the corpus luteum to expand into a cyst.Although this cyst usually disappears on its own in a few weeks, it can grow to almost 4 inches in diameter and has the potential to bleed into itself or twist the ovary, causing pelvic or abdominal pain. If it fills with blood, the cyst may rupture, causing internal bleeding and sudden, sharp pain. The fertility drug clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), which is used to induce ovulation, increases the risk of a corpus luteum cyst developing after ovulation. These cysts don't prevent or threaten a resulting pregnancy.

When to seek medical advice
If you experience severe or spasmodic pain in your lower abdomen, accompanied by fever and vomiting, see your doctor. These signs and symptoms — or those of shock such as cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, and lightheadedness or weakness — indicate an emergency and require immediate medical attention.

Tests and diagnosis
A cyst on your ovary may be found during a pelvic exam. If a cyst is suspected, doctors often advise further testing to determine its type and whether you need treatment.Typically, doctors address several questions to determine a diagnosis and to aid in management decisions:
- Shape. Is your cyst irregularly shaped?
- Size. What size is it?
- Composition. Is it filled with fluid, solid or mixed? Fluid-filled cysts aren't likely to be cancerous. Those that are solid or mixed — filled with fluid and solid — may require further evaluation to determine if cancer is present.

- To identify the type of cyst, your doctor may perform the following procedures:
- Pregnancy test. A positive pregnancy test may suggest that your cyst is a corpus luteum cyst, which can develop when the ruptured follicle that released your egg reseals and fills with fluid.
- Pelvic ultrasound. In this painless procedure, a wand-like device (transducer) is used to send and receive high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound). The transducer can be moved over your abdomen and inside your vagina, creating an image of your uterus and ovaries on a video screen. This image can then be photographed and analyzed by your doctor to confirm the presence of a cyst, help identify its location and determine whether it's solid, filled with fluid or mixed. Laparoscopy. Using a laparoscope — a slim, lighted instrument inserted into your abdomen through a small incision — your doctor can see your ovaries and remove the ovarian cyst. CA 125 blood test. Blood levels of a protein called cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) often are elevated in women with ovarian cancer. If you develop an ovarian cyst that is partially solid and you are at high risk of ovarian cancer, your doctor may test the level of CA 125 in your blood to determine whether your cyst could be cancerous. Elevated CA 125 levels can also occur in noncancerous conditions, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Complications
A large ovarian cyst can cause abdominal discomfort. If a large cyst presses on your bladder, you may need to urinate more frequently because its capacity is reduced.Some women develop less common types of cysts that may not produce symptoms, but that your doctor may find during a pelvic examination. Cystic ovarian masses that develop after menopause may be cancerous (malignant). These factors make regular pelvic examinations important.

The following types of cysts are much less common than functional cysts:

Dermoid cysts.
These cysts may contain tissue such as hair, skin or teeth because they form from cells that produce human eggs. They are rarely cancerous, but they can become large and cause painful twisting of your ovary.

Endometriomas.
These cysts develop as a result of endometriosis, a condition in which uterine cells grow outside your uterus. Some of that tissue may attach to your ovary and form a growth.

Cystadenomas.
These cysts develop from ovarian tissue and may be filled with a watery liquid or a mucous material. They can become large — 12 inches or more in diameter — and cause twisting of your ovary.

Treatments and drugs
Treatment depends on your age, the type and size of your cyst, and your symptoms. Your doctor may suggest:

Watchful waiting. You can wait and be re-examined in one to three months if you're in your reproductive years, you have no symptoms and an ultrasound shows you have a simple, fluid-filled cyst. Your doctor will likely recommend that you get follow-up pelvic ultrasounds at periodic intervals to see if your cyst has changed in size.

Watchful waiting, including regular monitoring with ultrasound, is also a common treatment option recommended for postmenopausal women if a cyst is filled with fluid and is less than 2 centimeters in diameter.

Birth control pills. Your doctor may recommend birth control pills to reduce the chance of new cysts developing in future menstrual cycles. Oral contraceptives offer the added benefit of significantly reducing your risk of ovarian cancer — the risk decreases the longer you take birth control pills.

Surgery. Your doctor may suggest removal of a cyst if it is large, doesn't look like a functional cyst, is growing or persists through two or three menstrual cycles. Cysts that cause pain or other symptoms may be removed.

Some cysts can be removed without removing the ovary in a procedure known as a cystectomy. Your doctor may also suggest removing the affected ovary and leaving the other intact in a procedure known as oophorectomy. Both procedures may allow you to maintain your fertility if you're still in your childbearing years. Leaving at least one ovary intact also has the benefit of maintaining a source of estrogen production.If a cystic mass is cancerous, however, your doctor will advise a hysterectomy to remove both ovaries and your uterus. After menopause, the risk of a newly found cystic ovarian mass being cancerous increases. As a result, doctors more commonly recommend surgery when a cystic mass develops on the ovaries after menopause.

Prevention
Although there's no definite way to prevent the growth of ovarian cysts, regular pelvic examinations are a way to help ensure that changes in your ovaries are diagnosed as early as possible. In addition, be alert to changes in your monthly cycle, including symptoms that may accompany menstruation that aren't typical for you or that persist over more than a few cycles. Be sure to talk with your doctor about any concerns relating to menstruation.

intelligence - insulted

woke up at 1720pm after a continuous of 5 minutes knocking on the main door by my driver, went up to the door and opened it, my driver handed me the dried clothes, "Sir, the clothes are dried...." i took it and in my heart grumpy as an old man... says... "cant you leave it hanging for a while"... he then asked me, " Sir, what time going out?" ... "5pm" i said to him.. its now "520pm" he mentioned... my body is still tired and exhausted after yesterday's gym session.. i had not been to the gym for a month... and somehow i managed my time to go for 2 hours session... no doubt i felt revived...
i was in my gym mode within 10 mins, jumped into the car, and my driver said to me... "Sir, later pay 600 pak rupees to Hassan (my guard), he paid to the electrician early in the morning for checking..."
my gym mode was immediately diminishing.. instantly i felt my intelligence being insulted...
Well.. what happened yesternite.. (if you know how the electricity works.. i guess you would know what i am talking about... ) this house has an incoming of 3 phase electricity.. and when i came back from Park Towers (1 of the shopping mall in Karachi, similar to Amcorp Mall), my another guard, Muhammad, told me that the lights and the water pump had burnt.. i guess he was exaggerating... so i called up the owner and told him what had happened here and insisted that he should send someone to check it up. Instead, he told me to get an electrician from the commercial area nearby the house to check it up. So I told my guard, Hassan, to get an electrician to check it up. I took a torch light and check on the main meter, 1 LED is off, and 2 LEDs is ON. Then i checked with the others meters in the neighbourhood, its all the same. so i concluded that a single phase power is down, and remaining 2 is up. hence some of the electrical component which ties to that particular power will not be working.
What really insulted me was that Hassan did not even test the water pump and the lights, and so called "gotten/hired" an electrician that happens to round the neighbourhood on a bicycle to check the electric components...
Felt disgusted throughout my journey to the gym... and my driver, Hanif, adds on to the insult by telling me he had pumped the CNG on the way back after dropping me back at home from Park Towers... Comm'n.. yesterday the mileage was only what... 60km.. and a full CNG tank can be filled up at 9 liters.. which can runs for 80km mileage...
FUCK man... felt so insulted by all these "wannabes" making money out on foreigners...
CIBAI fuck... told myself i need to learn URDU.. the main language spoken in Pakistan...

in these 2 weeks, i will try to replace all of them with new people....

1. find new car rental, and driver
2. replace 2 new guards... ( have to teach them on the Power Generator switch over during power failure... )

Surname of Yang

Though in written English my surname would be YEO, but in the chinese root, i am in deed still belongs to YANG root. Way back in my early teenage years, i would always wanted to find out how does my surname derives. And being educated in a Malay medium, i would not know how to read nor write in Chinese language, less said even in my mother toungue, which is suppose to be Hokkien and Hakka, i would struggle to learn all these Chinese languages. Enough said of those, come back to the story of YANG, the story begins here....

The YANG character is a derivative from the word for "Sunlight". However a search in any dictionary reveals it to be a type of tree such as a poplar or a willow tree. The character is composed of two parts, the part means wood referring to a type of tree in ancient myth used to measure the height of the sun thereby establishing the calendar. The second part of the right hand side of the character is a graphic description of "the sun rising over Tanggu" (the place in ancient myth where the sun rose). In Tanggu there was a type of large lizard in the water, now known as a dragon, also called a thunder-beast. That is why Tanggu was represented by the character yi [second character in the 'large lizard' cited above], pronounced yang, and its master was Fu Xi (the founding ancestor of mankind in ancient myth, aka Xi He), and its heavenly almanac was called the Book of Changes (Yijing) (the yi character is the same as the right-hand component of the lizard character and the Yang family character).

Yang can also be the phonetic translation of a very rare Chinese family name character for Goat or Sheep.

The surname Yang is one of the posterity for the Yellow Emperor and the sixth most common family name of the Chinese people. The surname Yang has two main origins, one from the name of a state and the other from the name of a fiet. Both originate from the surname Ji, the one used by the direct descendents of the Yellow Emperor - the earliest ancestor of the Chinese people.

Historical records of the surname Yang taking name from the state can be found in writings of Zheng Qiao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The records said the youngest son of King Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty was conferred the title of Marquis Yang. The state Yang was later eliminated by state Jin. Extirpates from state Yang then assumed the name of their state as their surname.

Another origin of the surname Yang is from the name of a fief. Shu Yu, the third son of King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, was conferred in Jin. When Duke Wu of state Jin succeeded the throne, King Li of the Zhou Dynasty conferred the right of taxation of land Yang (now in southeast of HongDong of Shanxi province) to him. Duke Wu son of BoQiao was conferred the title Marquis Yang. So began the history of the surname Yang, which took the name of a fief.

After the Northern Wei Dynasty many ethnic minorities changed their surname to Yang and the surname Yang became a large surname for multiple nationalities.

The Yang clan was founded by Yang Boqiao the second son of prince Jinwu in the Springs and Autumns Period (c. 8th to 5th Centuries BC) who was enfeoffed in the Yang kingdom.